Set:2
Question(a):
Explain
the following operation with
example:----
i.
Logical
operator
ii.
Relational
operator
iii.
Increment
and decrement operator
iv.
Size
of and conditional operator
Answer:
LOGICAL
OPERATORS : These operators
are used to
perform logical operations
on the given expressions.
There are 3 logical operators in C language. They are, logical
AND (&&), logical OR (||) and logical
NOT (!).
&&
(logical AND) : (x > 5 )
&& (y < 5)
It returns true when
both conditions are true
||
(logical OR) : (x
>= 10) || (y >= 10)
It returns true when at-least one of the condition is
true.
!
(logical NOT) : !((x > 5)
&& (y < 5))
It reverses the state of the operand “((x > 5)
&& (y < 5))”
If “((x > 5) && (y < 5))” is true, logical
NOT operator makes it false.
Increment and
decrement operator : C
has two special unary operators called increment (++)
and decrement (--) operators.
These operators increment and decrement value of a variable by
1.
++x is same as
x = x + 1 or x +=
1
--x is same as x = x - 1 or x -= 1
Increment and decrement operators can be used only
with variables. They can’t be used with constants
or expressions.
Relational operator: decision
depending on their relation are called relational operator.
Some relational operators are The operators which are used to compare two numbers take.
1: (<) means less than
2: (<=) means less than or equal to
3: (>) means greater than
4: (>=) means greater than or equal to
5: (==) means equal to
6: (!=) means not equal to
An
expression such as: 10<20 , 15<=20 , 20>10 , 10>9
, 5==5 , 5!=6
Size of operator: e: The size of operator is usually used with an operand which may be variable,constant or data type qualifier.This operator returns the number of bytes the operand occupies.Sizeof operator is a compile time operator.Some examplea of use of sizeof operator are
X
= sizeof(a);
Y
= sizeof(float);
The size of
operator is usually used to determine the length of arrays and structures when
their sizes are not known.It is also used in dynamic memory allocation.
Question(b):
write a C program to convert the given temperature in Fahrenheit to temperature in Celsius where cel =( (fah-32)*5/9) and Fahrenheit is denoted by fah .
Answer :
Question(c):Describe
the output of the following C program.
ANSWER:
In this following
program the output
must be an infinite value because
in this program the while (k,25)
it is an infinite loop which run till
a break statement is issued explicitly.
In most computer programming language a while loop is a control flow statement
that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given boolean condition
.The boolean condition is either true or false .
While(1) it
is an infinite loop which will run
till a break statement issued explicitly .Interestingly not while( 1 ) but any
integer which is
non-zero will give the
similer effect as while( 1 ) .Therefore ,while(1),while(2)or while(k,25)
,all will give infinite loop only.
So if the following
statement has a break statement it will print a normal output or else it will
print an infinite output because the
compiler cannot understand where to stop so its exequte repeatedly and print
the output which is infinite.
Question(d):
What do you mean by a loop? Explain the deference
between do loop, while loop and for loop with the help of example.
Answer:
Loop: In
computer programming, a loop is a
sequence of instructions that is continually repeated until
a certain condition is
reached.
|
N o |
Topic |
Do loop |
While loop |
For loop |
|
1. |
Initialization
of condition variable |
Before
the loop or in
the body of the
loop. |
Before
the loop |
In the parenthesis of the loop |
|
2. |
Test condition |
After
the body of the loop |
Before
the body of
the loop |
Before the
body of the loop |
|
3. |
Updating the condition
variable |
After
the first execution |
After
the first execution |
After
the first execution |
|
4. |
Types |
Exit controlled loop |
Entry controlled loop |
Entry controlled loop |
|
5. |
Loop variable |
Sentinel and Counter |
Counter |
Counter |
|
6. |
Syntax |
do { …….. …….. } while(condition) |
Variable initialization; while(condition) { Statements; } Variable increment or decrement; |
for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement ) { Statement -block; } |
|
7. |
Example |
#include<stdio.h> Int main() { int a, i; a = 5; i = 1; do { printf(“%d\t”,a*i); i++; } while(i<= 10) return 0; } |
#include<stdio.h>
Int main( ) { int x; x = 1; while(x <= 10) { printf(“%d\t”, x); x++; } return 0; } |
#include<stdio.h> Int main( ) { int x; for(x = 1; x <= 10; x++) { printf(“%d\t”, x); } return 0; } |
Question(e): Replace
the if-else statement by
conditional operators:---
main(){
int
code;
scanf(“%d”,&code);
if(code>1)
pritnf(“\n DHAKA”);
else
if(code<1)
printf(“\n COMILLA”);
else
printf(“ \n GAZIPUR”);
}